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Detrital sources and sediment delivery to the early post-rift (Albian–Cenomanian) Newfoundland Basin east of the Grand Banks: results from ODP Leg 210

Earth Sciences Department Memorial University St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5 Canada, rhiscott{at}mun.ca

Kathleen M. Marsaglia

Department of Geological Sciences California State University Northridge, CA 91330-8266 USA, kathie.marsaglia{at}csun.edu

R. Chris L. Wilson

Department of Earth Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK, bandcwilson{at}tiscali.co.uk

Alastair H.F. Robertson

Grant Institute of Earth Science School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JW UK, Alastair.Robertson{at}ed.ac.uk

Garry D. Karner

ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company P.O. Box 2189 Houston, TX 77252-2189 USA, garry{at}ldeo.columbia.edu

Brian E. Tucholke

Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541 USA, btucholke{at}whoi.edu

Thomas Pletsch

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Stilleweg 2 30655 Hannover, Germany, Thomas.Pletsch{at}bgr.de

Rainer Petschick

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitaet Facheinheit Geologie Altenhoeferallee 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Petschick{at}em.uni-frankfurt.de

The young narrow arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separated Newfoundland from Iberia in the Albian–Cenomanian accumulated a thick succession of muddy gravity flow deposits that were recovered by drilling at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1276 off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The sediment thickness and sand content are somewhat surprising given the number of contemporaneous shelf and slope basins that would have acted as traps for detritus shed from the Newfoundland margin. A set of individual studies was undertaken to trace the source of this detritus and to test hypotheses that the material might have been derived, in part, from the east (Iberia), the north (Flemish Cap and northern rift extensions), and/or from various sources to the west (Grand Banks, Interior Newfoundland, Avalon Uplift). By synthesizing seismic data, paleocurrent data from gravity flow deposits, sediment composition (sand detrital modes, clay mineralogy) and detrital mica ages we conclude that the likely source of the Albian–Cenomanian sediment was the Avalon Uplift, situated in the southern Grand Banks. Key pieces of evidence that lead us to this result are: thinning of the sediment package towards the north and thickening towards the southwest, the paleocurrent directions apparently suggesting a southwesterly source, the low proportion of potassium feldspar in the sandstones, and the lack of palygorskite in the shales as compared to Iberian-sourced successions. The apparent inconsistency of detrital mica ages from these deposits, suggesting an Iberian (Hercynian) source with age 270–340 Ma, is attributed to the localization of rifting along a Paleozoic continental suture zone, the Hercynian Front. This tectonic front separates distinctly different geologic units (domains) on the conjugate margins. Such a suture would have generated a significant peripheral foreland basin across the now-submerged shelf regions of Newfoundland allowing transfer of sediment from the Iberian to the Newfoundland domains. Upon Mesozoic rifting and uplift, these mica-bearing sediments from the foreland basin succession could have been reworked and shed eastward into the nascent Atlantic Ocean basin at ODP Site 1276. Alternatively, Hercynian metamorphism and deformation might have extended onto what is now the southeastern Grand Banks, so that young detrital micas could have been derived directly from the Avalon Uplift. Results from this work are relevant to an assessment of sandstone distribution in parts of the Salar Basin and the expected diagenetic overprint for sandy reservoir facies.

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